Third International Theory (also known as Third Universal Theory): A socio-political ideology developed by Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi in the 1970s, as outlined in his Green Book. It presents a “third way” alternative to capitalism and communism, arguing that neither system suits Third World countries. The theory emphasizes direct democracy through people’s committees and congresses, socialist economic principles with public ownership of resources, and integration of Islamic values, nationalism, and anti-imperialism to foster self-reliance and social justice. It influenced Libya’s governance under Gaddafi from 1977 until his ouster in 2011.
